Psalm 120-125 This psalm begins a series of 15 psalms that have the title "A Song of Ascents." Most Bible scholars think that these were song during pilgrimage up to Jerusalem for the three major festivals at which each Jewish male living in the promised land was required to come to the Temple. v. 1 In my distress This verse clearly identifies this psalm as a thanksgiving hymn. v. 2 lying lips
deceitful tongue(s) The psalmist is being slandered by his foes. v. 3 You false tongue? As James puts it, the tongue is "a world of evil among the parts of the body" (James 3:6). v. 4 Sharp arrows of the warrior This verse compares a sharp tongue to the war arrow with its point honed to razor sharpness. with coals of the broom tree Wood from the broom bush burns hotly for a very long time. v. 5 Woe is me, that I dwell in Meshech, that I dwell among the tents of Kedar! This is probably a proverbial saying, citing the two farthest-flung points of the world known to the poet; it would be like us saying, "It's horrible! I feel like I'm living on another planet!" v. 6 My soul has dwelt too long with one who hates peace The psalmist mourns the fact that he is living for what seems like an interminable time with people who aggressively attack others. Psalm 121 This beautiful little pilgrim psalm has been the companion of the people of God on their journey through life for three millennia. The psalmist is gripped by fear as he faces the dangers of the "trail" he is on. v. 1 I will lift up my eyes to the hills—from whence comes my help? This is a rhetorical question that the psalmist seems to be using in an "inner conversation." He asks about the source of confidence and hope as he is on his way through life. The "hills," though, are clearly not the source of his aid; this may be an oblique reference to the various shrines (most of them to pagan gods) high on the hilltops. But the poet's help comes from an entirely different source. v. 3 He will not allow your foot to be moved He will not allow me to stumble. He who keeps you will not slumber Or guards. The English translation obscures the fact that the verb "guard" (shomer, Heb.) is repeated 6 times in the brief 8 verses of this psalm. This phrase in v. 3 is only two words in Hebrew. Literally: "Does-not-sleep, the-One-guarding-you." On a dangerous journey, it was of vital importance that someone be constantly on watch. v. 4 Behold, He who keeps Israel Again: "Indeed: not-nodding nor-sleeping, the-one-guarding Israel!" v. 5 The LORD is your keeper "the-LORD your-guard" The LORD is your shade at your right hand - "the-LORD your-shade; at hand, your-right-one" v. 6 sun shall not strike you Sunstroke is a constant danger for the traveler in the desert (hence the importance of "shade" in the previous verse); the moon was considered to cause madness v. 7 The LORD shall preserve you from all evil Literally: "The LORD shall-guard-you"
"He-shall-guard your-soul." your going out and your coming in May refer specifically to the approach and departure of the pilgrim to and from Jerusalem, but is undoubtedly meant in a broader sense to include all of life. Compare this with Israel's great declaration of faith (Deut. 6:4-6). Psalm 122 v. 1 I was glad Like the other "songs of ascent" (Ps. 120-135), this "song of Zion" was sung as the people of Israel went on pilgrimage to the Temple of the Lord in Jerusalem. v. 2 Our feet have been The experience of entering the gates of Jerusalem and then the Temple precincts must have made an overwhelming impression on the pilgrims. v. 3 Jerusalem
a city that is compact together Points either to the unity of the city or its compactness within the defense fortifications. v. 4 Where the tribes go up on official pilgrimage (John 7:8-10) to the three "pilgrim festivals" at the Temple (Luke 2:41) The tribes of the LORD the tribes worshipping the Lord To the Testimony of Israel Better translated: "According to the statute given to Israel"; Or, as God had commanded Israel. v. 5 For thrones are set there for judgment Jerusalem, as David's capital, was the political and judicial center of life in Israel. v. 6 Pray for the peace of Jerusalem A command understood by God's people through history that still applies to the church as a responsibility today. prosper yishlayu (Heb.) a play on the name of Yerushalayem (Jerusalem) they
who love you Literally, "your lovers" (O Jerusalem!) v. 7 Peace shalom (Heb.) another word play on the name of "Jeru-salem" Walls ramparts; the defensive outer walls of the city prosperity Another word play; see comment on the previous verse. v. 9 the house of the LORD our God the Temple I will seek your good God calls upon His people to pray for Jerusalem and actively seek its well-being. Psalm 123 v. 1 Unto You I lift up my eyes In an attitude of supplication and prayer. Perhaps reminiscent of the way the eyes of the pilgrims would keep looking up toward Jerusalem as they ascended the heights toward the city. O You who dwell in the heavens In spite of the fact that God's Temple is in Jerusalem, it was always made clear to Israel that God was not confined to one location; He is (to use a modern word) transcendent. v. 2 as the eyes of servants
as the eyes of a maid
so our eyes look to the LORD our God This beautiful and compelling metaphor clearly speaks to the proper attitude of God's people toward Him in total dependency upon His mercy and grace. v. 3 Those who are at ease The smug and arrogant look scornfully upon the pious life of the psalmist; it is a bitter pill for the poet, who has endured much. He pleads for redress and justice. Psalm 124 This is a community psalm of thanksgiving, probably sung or chanted on pilgrimage to the Temple. v. 1 Let Israel now say This is probably a "call" by the leader of the pilgrims to the band on its way toward Jerusalem
or of the priest as the worshippers entered the Temple precincts. v. 2 When men rose up against us in an attack on the nation v. 3 they would have swallowed us alive like a wild beast gorging on its prey v. 4 the waters
the stream // would have overwhelmed us
would have gone over our soul Note the typical Hebrew parallelism, in which the second member of each pair strengthens or expands on the first: the "waters" (general term) come into focus as a "rushing torrent;" "overwhelmed" is strengthened to "washed over our deepest being." v. 5 the swollen waters...would have gone over our soul As often in Hebrew poetry, the following verse picks up and expands on the theme: the waters are now "proud" or "raging;" they would have "swept us away." v. 6 Blessed be switches back to the metaphor from v. 3: You have "not given us as prey to their teeth." v. 7 has escaped Our life has been preserved by God smashing the trap in which we were caught, and we have escaped. v. 8 Our help is in the name The "Name of the LORD" stands for all He is and does for His people (Ps. 121:2). As "Maker of heaven and earth," He has absolute authority. Psalm 125 This little pilgrim song expresses faith in God's love and care for Israel in spite of her enemies and conquerors. v. 1 Those who trust in the LORD are like Mount Zion the central hill upon which Jerusalem was built which cannot be moved, but abides forever Even if the city is conquered, the Temple itself destroyed, God's purpose for Jerusalem and His care of His people will never be rendered invalid. v. 2 As the mountains surround Jerusalem, so the LORD surrounds His people As the mountains encircling Jerusalem provide for her defense, God Himself will protect His people. v. 3 For the scepter of wickedness the wicked and bitter rule of the conquerors the land allotted to the righteous promised to Israel by God's covenant with Israel (Gen. 12:1-3) Righteous zedekim (Heb.) the remnant community of the faithful v. 4 Do good Those who are good
who are upright in their hearts are contrasted with those who cave in under the pressure of the conquerors and turn aside to their crooked ways. This is the key challenge of faith: to follow God through the darkness; as one old saint put it, "to trust God when you cannot trace Him!" Peace be upon Israel! Shalom al-Yisrael! (Heb.) |