Psalm 116-118 This "Thanksgiving" psalm is the fourth of the Hallel (see introduction to Psalm 113). v. 2 He has inclined His ear to me Typically, when possible, Hebrew poetry will choose a concrete expression ("turned His ear") over an abstract one ("heard"). v. 3 pains of death Or, cords or ropes. In ancient times, ropes and nets were often used as instruments of battle. The poet may have come close to death in battle or through a near-fatal illness. pangs anguish or agony Sheol the grave; place of the dead v. 4 "O LORD
deliver my soul!" This should not be "spiritualized"; the psalmist was not praying that his "soul" be saved, but rather begging for concrete, actual rescue. v. 5 righteous
merciful Righteous, meaning just. Biblical religion sees these as the two absolute poles of God's character: He personifies absolute justice but is also supremely merciful. This is to be exemplified also in the life of the follower of God; see Micah 6:8: "act justly
love mercy." v. 6 The LORD preserves the simple This does not mean "simpleminded" but simple or pure in heart. v. 7 Return to your rest, O my soul In light of who God is and the way He behaves, the poet turns his attention inward and exhorts his deepest inner being to be at peace, even when confronted with dangers and terrors. v. 8 soul
eyes
feet // death
tears
falling Note again the Hebrew love for concrete expressions. v. 9 I will walk before the LORD To "walk" before God meant, for the believer in Israel, to represent Him in kingly service (Gen. 17:1, 1 Kings 2:4, 1 John 1:7). v. 10 I believed, therefore I spoke The poet had faced doubt and uncertainty in his affliction, even to the point of despair. v. 11 I said in my haste, "All men are liars." In a moment of desperation he declared that there was no one who could be trusted. v. 12 What shall I render to the LORD for all His benefits toward me? The answer is, of course, "Nothing!" But in humble thanksgiving the psalmist expresses his complete gratitude to the Lord for His aid and help. v. 13 I will take up the cup of salvation The "cup" is probably the pitcher in which a drink offering is carried to the altar to be poured out in celebration (Ex. 37:16). And call upon the name of the LORD in joyous celebration in the Temple v. 14 I will pay my vows to the LORD the vow of the poet to offer a thanksgiving offering (v. 17) Now in the presence of all His people in the Temple congregation v. 15 Precious in the sight This verse has been a comfort to bereaved believers through the ages. v. 17 I will offer to You the sacrifice of thanksgiving in the midst of God's people in the Temple (v. 18) v. 19 In the courts of the LORD's house, in the midst of you, O Jerusalem The poem ends with the psalmist surrounded by the joyous, worshipping crowd in the courtyard of the Temple. Psalm 117 This little psalm, the shortest chapter in the entire Bible (and only two chapters away from the longest!), is the fifth of the Hallel (see introduction to Psalm 113). v. 1 Praise the LORD, all you Gentiles! The focus of the psalmists challenge to praise God is not just Israel but "all nations" (Matt. 28:18-20). v. 2 For His merciful kindness is great toward us Better translated: "His kindness overwhelms us!" The dimensions of God's faithful covenant love are almost unimaginable. the truth of the LORD endures forever the Hebrew words for "faithfulness" and "truth" are closely related, hence the association called up by this verse. Psalm 118 This is the closing song or chant of the Hallel (see introduction to Psalm 113). v. 1 Oh, give thanks to the LORD This entire phrase is compressed into two Hebrew words. The starting imperative "give-thanks," signals the psalm as a "Thanksgiving" song. for He is good! This is the key characteristic of God that Satan calls into question; "Does God really have the best for YOU in mind?" Giving thanks for what He has done for us is an antidote to this spiritual poison. For His mercy endures forever He does not deal with us as our sins deserve; His kindness will never fail. v. 2 Let Israel now say
the house of Aaron
those who fear the LORD The repeated phrase calls different groups in the worshipping congregation gathered in the Temple to proclaim (probably with a responding shout of acclamation): "His mercy endures forever." v. 5 in distress The Hebrew word has the connotation of "restricted" / "narrow"; hence the contrast in the next sentence with a "broad" or "wide-open" place. v. 6 The LORD is on my side In Hebrew this phrase is the apex of simplicity: two word = "LORD" + "with-me"; that basically says it all. v. 7 The LORD is for me among those who help me Most English translations obscure the fact that this verse begins with the same two Hebrew words as v. 6: "LORD" + "with-me." I shall see my desire on those who hate me Literally: "I will stare at those who hate me." In many cultures, one can only stare directly at someone who is one's inferior. v. 8 It is better to trust in the LORD Similar to v. 6-7, this verse and the next begin exactly the same: "Better to take refuge in the LORD
" v. 9 than to put confidence in princes This phrase, in typical Hebrew fashion, amplifies and expands on the parallel phrase in the previous verse (v. 8): misplaced confidence in man in general is expanded to include even the most powerful on earth, princes. v. 10 All nations In v. 10-12 the poet plays on the word "surround." He is encircled by foreign armies like a man in the midst of a swarm of angry hornets, but he will destroy them (Literally translated, cut them off
cut them off
cut them off). v. 12 They were quenched like a fire of thorns Meaning either that the enemies involved died out as quickly as the sputtering flame of a burning thorn branch or, keying off the image of hornets or bees surrounding the speaker, like bees caught in the flames of a burning torch. v. 13 You pushed me violently, that I might fall The poet now speaks directly to his enemies. v. 14 strength
song
salvation A classic Hebrew elaboration: God is even more than my "strength," He is my "song." But it doesn't end there: He is my deliverance from all the things attacking me. v. 15 the tents of the righteous "Tents" is probably a hint pointing toward the time when Israel was in the wilderness, encamped around the "tent" of the Lord (the tabernacle; Num. 24:2-9) just as the "righteous" (God's men and women who act justly) are gathered in worship around the sanctuary in the temple (v. 19). The right hand of the LORD A common Hebrew phrase. Someone's right hand was their sword-arm, the symbol of their strength. v. 17 declare recount or remunerate all that God has done v. 18 The LORD has chastened me severely The Hebrew words "chastened" and "severely" sound alike; "chastening" is the experience of every believer, as God "child-trains" us (Heb. 12:5-11). v. 19 Open to me the gates of righteousness The psalmist is going into the Temple courtyard with a loud shout, "Open the gates for me
" righteousness justice and equity; it is likely that justice was spoken in the gates of the Temple v. 20 righteous God's people who "act justly" (Micah 6:8) v. 21 You have
become my salvation This is the deepest level of God's mercy to us: He Himself has intervened to deliver us from death. v. 22 The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone This is an important verse for Jesus' understanding of Himself and His mission (Luke 20:17). It became a favorite verse of the early church as it explained His rejection by the leaders of the nation and ensuing exaltation by God (Acts 4:11, 1 Peter 2:4). In the context of the psalm itself, it expresses the wonder that the poet feels as he looks around at the huge stones of the Temple and realizes his fate is similar to that of a block of limestone initially rejected by the quarrymen but, in the end, put in the most important position of all in the majestic edifice of the Temple. v. 23 the LORD's doing The psalmist realizes, with all God's people: Only the Lord could have done this! v. 24 This is the day the LORD has made; we will rejoice and be glad in it His troubles behind him, the psalmist realizes, "This is God's day
He has made it possible; we should rejoice and ‘dance' ("exult") through it!" v. 25 Save now This begins a new section of the psalm, a communal prayer for continued deliverance and prosperity v. 26 Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD! Recalled by the crowds greeting Jesus on His final entry into Jerusalem as they shouted "Hosanna!" on His way to the Temple (Mark 11:8-10). v. 27 He has given us light Probably suggests the priestly blessing of Israel by Aaron, repeated each Sabbath in the synagogue: "The LORD
make His face shine upon you" (Num. 6:25). Bind the sacrifice with cords the animal about to be offered in thanksgiving the horns of the altar The square altar in the Temple had a "horn" jutting up from each corner; probably for literally tying down the ropes holding the sacrifice and, poetically symbols of strength. v. 28 You are my God
You are my God Two different titles are used in Hebrew: El and Elohim; literally: "My-God You are
my-Majestic-God You are." v. 29 give thanks Closes the psalm with the same call to worship it began with in v. 1. |